英语的比较级,在整个英语的语法学习中有着相当重要的地位,是孩子们在学习和考试中经常会遇见。这些句型不仅可能用在单选题中考试,在完形填空、阅读中都可能成为理解文章的关键。
一、变化规则
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1.单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级,如:
tall(高的)-taller-tallest;great(巨大的)-greater-greatest
2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st,如:
nice(好的)-nicer-nicest;large(大的)-larger-largest;able(有能力的)-abler-ablest
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est,如:
big(大的)-bigger-biggest;hot(热的)-hotter-hottest;red(红色的)-redder-reddest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est,如:
easy(容易的)-easier-easiest;busy(忙的)-busier-busiest
5.以“-ly”结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more,most,如:
slowly-more slowly-most slowly;bravely-more bravely-most bravely;quickly-more quickly-most quickly
6.少数以“-er”“-ow”结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est,如:
clever(聪明的)-cleverer-cleverest;narrow(窄的)-narrower-narrowest
7.其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级,如:
important(重要的)-more important-most important;easily(容易地)-more easily-most easily
8.一些词的比较级和最高级,可以加-er,-est;也可以加more,most,如:
clever-cleverer-cleverest;clever-more clever-most clever
9.不规则变化,有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆,如:
good/well-better-best;bad/ill/badly-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least;
far(表示距离)-farther-farthest;far(表示程度)-further-furthest;old-older/elder-oldest(表示新旧或年龄)/eldest(表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
10.一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如:
right,wrong,full,empty,round,complete,wooden,dead,daily等
11.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是,形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。
二、比较级常用句型
1、A + be/V. + 比较级 + than + B :A比B…
如:① This dog is fatter than that one. ② Tom runs faster than Jim.
2、A + be/V. + 比较级 + than + any other + 单数名称:A比其他任何一个…都…
如:Liu Xiang runs faster than any other athlete.
3、A + be/V. + 比较级 + than + any + 单数名称:A比任何一个…都…
如:Sun Yang swims faster than any swimmer in Australia.
4、比较级 + and + 比较级:越来越…
如:It becomes happier and happier.
5、the + 比较级,the + 比较级:越… 就 越…
如:The more you eat, the fatter you become.
三、最高级常用句型
1、the + 形容词最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of 短语:最…的
- Yaoming is the most famous basketball star in China.
- Yaoming is the most famous basketball star of all.
- Who is the most famous running star in your school.
2、one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in/of 短语:最…的之一
- Geyou is one of the most famous actors in China.
- Oct. 15th was one of the most exciting days in 2023. Shenzhou V was sent up successfully.
3、the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of 短语:第几最…
- Bob is the third tallest dog in the picture.
四、原级(同级)比较
1、A + be/V. + as + 原级+ as+ B :A和B一样…
如:Lucy is as beautiful as Lily.
2、A + be/V. + not + as/so + 原级+ as+ B :A不如B…
如:Lucy is not as tall as Lily.
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