一、 主动语态和被动语态的概念
1）He opened the door. 他开了门。
以上例句是一个主动句，主语是动作的执行者/发出者
2）The door was opened by him. 门被开了。
第二个例句是一个被动句，主语是动作的承受者
汉语中表示被动的词：被…/ 由…/ 受…/ 给…
英语中表被动用：be+过去分词构成
二、 被动语态的结构及用法
1）被动语态的几种句型
肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）
eg: My phone was made in China.
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by）
eg: My phone wasn’t made in China.
一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？
eg: Was your phone made in China?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）?
eg: Where was your phone made?
2）不同时态中的被动语态
三、主动语态变被动语态
1）一般情况下主动语态变被动语态
主动句：He closed the door.
变被动句：The door was closed by him.
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done, 时不变，数格必须随被变。
2）主动语态中若有双宾语
Vivian gave me a book. 双宾语（me是间宾， book是直宾）
-I was given a book by Vivian. 间接宾语提前
-A book was given to me by Vivian. 直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词
动词make/buy/get用for; 动词give/send/lend/take用to
3) “感使动词”
(feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。
We saw him play football on the playground. （我们看见他在操场上打篮球。）
变被动：He was seen to play football on the playground. （他被我们看到在操场上打篮球。）
四、主动形式表被动意义
1) 系动词没有被动语态，如feel, sound, taste, look, become, fall, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, stay, turn等等
Your idea sounds good. 你的注意听起来蛮好的。
You look beautiful. 你看起来美美的。
2) 在need, require, want, be worth , deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义
The TV needs repairing. 电视需要修理。
= The TV needs to be repaired.
3) 一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，常见的有：appear, die, disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place，occur等。
A car accident happened in the street.一场车祸发生在街上。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的故乡发生了巨变。
4) 在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。
She has an important meeting to attend.她有一个重要的会议要参加。
五、易错点总结（常考点）
1）在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。
If l am given enough time, I will do it better. 给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。
2）固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。（of 不可以省去的）
3）有些动词如write, read, sell，wash, open等当强调动作执行情况时, 有被动语态; 当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时,无被动语态。
The computers were sold out, because they sell well.电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
4）在“too…to…”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to work out.
5）常见的被动语态的句型搭配
据说….. It is said that …
据报导.. It is reported that …
据推测….. It is supposed that …
希望…. It is hoped that …
众所周知….. It is well known that …
普遍认为….. It is generally considered that …
有人建议….. It is suggested that…
被动语态-巩固练习
I.把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Do you sweep the floor everyday?
_______________________________
2. Did people in the old days grow tea?
________________________________
3. We have learned Lesson 60.
________________________________
4. We can’t see many of the stars.
________________________________
5.Chinahas sent up man-made satellites into space.
________________________________
6. They will plant the trees tomorrow.
________________________________
7. I see him go to school everyday.
________________________________
8. Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game.
________________________________
III. 单项选择。
1. Look! A big modern building _________ in our city.
A. is built B. is being built C. has been built D. is building
2. Your bike can’t ______ there.
A. be put B. is put C. be putted D. putted
3. Mary _______ the song at a party.
A. heard sing B. was heard sing C. heard to sing D. was heard to sing
4. ______ trees usually _______ in April?
A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. have, been planted D. Do, planted
5. My room _______ tomorrow.
A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleaning
6. When ______ your school ________?
A. did, built B. was，built C. is， built D. was， building
7. The window of our house _______ once a week.
A. have been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
8. The sick girl _______ to the hospital at once.
A. must send B. be must sent C. must be sent D. be sent
9. Many books on science _____ since I went to college.
A. were bought B. have been bought C. will be bought D. are bought
10. People have come to know that their health must ______.
A. pay more attention B. pay more attention to
C. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to
11. A beautiful picture ____ the children in the classroom.
A. was shown to B. was shown C. were shown to D. were shown
12. A new bike ____ Tom tomorrow.
A. will lend B. will lent C. will be lent D. will be lent to
13. Some eggs and a glass of milk ____ the Frenchman.
A. have been brought to B. has been brought to
C. have been brought D. has been brought
14. Miss White said she ____ some beautiful coats in the shop.
A. had been show B. has been shown
C. had been shown to D. had been shown
15. Jack ____ answer the question in French.
A. asked to B. was ask C. was asked D. was asked to
【真题链接】
1. The novel ______ by many people today.
A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read
2.These model cars ____ inChinain 2013.
A. are made B. were made C. make D. made
3. — How clean your car is!
— Thank you. It ____ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed
4. When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.
A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given
5. We to start at once, or we will miss the train.
A. tell B. have told C. are told D. told
参考答案
2. Was tea grown by people in the old days?
3. Lesson 60 has been learned by us.
4. Many of the stars can’t be seen by us.
5. Man-made satellites have been sent up into space byChina.
6. The trees will be planted tomorrow.
7. He is seen to go to school everyday.
9. We were made to close our eyes in the game.
II. 使用被动语态翻译下列句子。
1. English isn’t used as our first language.
2. The TV sets were made inJapanin 1990.
3. Is English or French spoken by Frenchmen?
4. Where is salt produced inChina?
5. These trees can be planted at the sides of the road.
6. The birds are heard to sing every morning.
7. The world is made to be a much smaller place.
III. 单项选择。
1. B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在我们城里，一座现代化的楼房正在被建”。
2.A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你的自行车不能被放在那”。
3.D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱歌”。
4.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“植树通常是在四月份吗？”。
5.C。本句结构为：一般将来的被动语态。句意为“我的房间将在明天被清扫”。
6.B。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你们学校是什么时候被建造的？”。
7.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，用be动词is。句意为“我们房子的窗户一周被清洗一次”。
8.C。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态。句意为“那个生病的女孩必须马上被送到医院”。
9.B。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“自从我上大学，已经买了许多关于科学的书”。
10.D。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态，这里pay attention to是固定搭配，它的宾语是health。句意为“人们已经渐渐意识到必须关注他们的健康”。
11.A。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“一张漂亮的图片被出示给教室里的孩子们”。
12.D。本句结构为：一般将来时的被动语态。句意为“明天一辆新的自行车将被借给汤姆”。
13.A。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“一些鸡蛋和一杯牛奶已经被带给了那个法国人”。
14.D。本句的主句是过去时，所以宾语从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。句意为“怀特小姐说她在商店里被出示了一些漂亮的上衣”。
15.D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“杰克被要求用法语回答问题”。
【真题链接】
1. A。主语是the novel，所以谓语要用单数形式，所以排除答案B和D；题中出现明显时间词today，所以时态应为一般现在时。故答案为A。
2. B。句意：这些模型汽车是中国2013年制造的。由时间状语in 2013可知时态为一般过去时，model cars与动词make之间为被动关系。故选B。
3. A。解析：句意：——你的车真干净。——谢谢，它经常清洗。根据often可知，应用一般现在时；车应该是被洗，所以用被动语态。故选A项。
4. D。句意：“当你被给一项艰巨的任务时，试图继续做并完成它。”give sb. sth.改成被动是sb. be given sth.；根据语境，故选D。
5. C。句意：“我们被告知立刻出发，否则将赶不上火车。”根据句意可知，主语we不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，因此要使用被动语态。
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